BARS-10
Brit-Am Research Sources.
A collection of informational leads for further study.
15 November 2011, 18 Cheshvan 5772.
Contents:
1. Rabbinical Sources on the Ten Tribes (in Hebrew).
2. Ambri With Anglo-Saxons!
3. Interesting Notes on Philistine Connections.
(a) Cyprus, Cilicia, Phoenicia & Philistia.
(b) Philistine Links.
4. Online E-Book Source of Value:
Chronicles of Eri: being the history of the Gaal Sciot Iber: or ..., Volume 1
By Roger O'Connor
5. Medes and Sarmatians.
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1. Rabbinical Sources on the Ten Tribes (in Hebrew).
http://www.aharit.com/C-02.html
Sanhedrin Tosefta end of ch. 13 on Isaiah 27:13 (shofar assur) return of 10 tribes.
Pirkei d'Rabbi Eliezer 31.
Will return after the Coming of the Messiah Son of David.
They will fly back (Isaiah 26:20 Yalkut Shimeoni on Isaiah 49:9 469 Pesikta Rabati 39:10
Most sources assume that the Ten Tribes will not still be recognizable.
One source suggests that most will have assimilated, a few will remain recognizable and from these will increase and multiply to a great multitude.
Rabbeinu David, Talmud ha-Rambam cf. Maharal of Prague (Netzach Yisroel 34).
2. Ambri With Anglo-Saxons!
(a) Background: Ambri with Sigambri in east and west.
Extracts from "The Tribes":
The Sugambri also were to appear in the region of Bactria as "Sigambri" where together with the Ambri they met Alexander the Great of Macedon.
The Sigambri and Ambri had encountered Alexander the Great east of the Caspian in Scythia and had also been reported from besides Nysia on the Indus.
At that stage the Vandals were led by two leaders, named AMBRI and Ass. The name "Ambri" is reminiscent of the Ambri who, with the Sicambri (Franks), encountered Alexander the Great in Bactria (Justin Book xii;ix) and later moved to Northern Europe whence in ca. 109-101 BCE they joined the Cimbri and Teutons in attacking Rome. Their name is recalled in Ambrum, Imbri, and Ymbre of Scandinavia. They were descendants of Jimna (Yimna) son of Asher.
The Teutons in Europe received renown for (together with Cimbri and Ambrones) attacking Rome. Teutons and Ambrones were neighbors and allies from the North. The Ambrones derived from the Ambri who, together with the Sicambri had been reported previously in Bactria. The Sicambri were to settle in Holland, Belgium and France and belonged to the Secem clan of Manasseh. The Teutons came from Tahat (1- Chronicles 7:20) or from Tahan (Numbers 26:35) who were probably one and the same. At all events they both belonged to Ephraim who was brother to Manasseh.
(b) Ambri also with Anglo_Saxons.
Saga Book of the Viking Society vol. 8 1913-1914, London.
http://www.vsnrweb-publications.
org.uk/Saga-Book%20VIII.pdf
A Map of Denmark 1900 Years Old by Gudmund Schutte p.59
Ombrones near Burgundians (in Poland) equal Anglo-Saxon Ambrones from south-west of the Baltic.
Saxons often called Ambrones by their Welsh neighbours (Nennius, etc) p.81
Widsith palces Ymbre near Saxons in Germany. p.81
Imbrae in Danish isles of Fehmern.
Also Ambrum Isle west of south Jutland (Denmark).
3. Interesting Notes on Philistine Connections.
(a) Cyprus, Cilicia, Phoenicia & Philistia
From: Jon Smyth
Subject: [ANE-2] Re: Philistine arrival & settlement'
Gene.
I think that if we are to maintain the relationship between monochrome & Bichrome wares with the Sea Peoples (Philistines'). And, that we know these wares are not found anywhere outside
Cyprus, Cilicia, Phoenicia & Philistia then we must also resign ourselves to the conclusion that the so-called Sea Peoples invasion was a relatively local affair.
That is not to deny that these same 'countries' did not have exposure to, & indulge in, trade with the Aegean, certainly they did.
There was a considerable Canaanite presence on eastern Cyprus, and in (Classical) Cilica we have Hurrians, Luwians, and Semites a rather cosmopolitan region. These coastal peoples had a 'borrowed' Aegean cultural influence, but to take these apparent influences as evidence of a direct Aegean origin is I think a false premiss.
Jon Smyth
Kitchener, On.
(b) Philistine Links.
From: Jon Smyth
Subject: [ANE-2] Re: Philistine arrival & settlement'
If I may explain, I should not have mentioned Prof. Killebrew without explaining further.
In 2005 Prof. Killebrew wrote a synthesis of Philistine origins where four principal theories are debated.
If I may quote what is written under the fourth theory.
"A fourth theory, specifying southeast Anatolia (especially Cilicia) and/or Cyprus in the eastern Mediterranean, has not been clearly distinguished in past literature from the eastern Aegean theory. This theory was embraced by Gerald A. Wainwright .... who located Caphtor in Asia Minor. Based on linguistic and textual evidence and a comparative analysis of the material culture remains, I propose a variation on this theory and contend that Cyprus and possibly the surrounding regions are most likely the original point of departure of the Philistines. This is not to detract from the obvious fact that the ultimate inspiration of Aegean-style material culture in the east and Philistia lie in the Aegean, albiet removed by several generations."
Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity, Killebrew, 2005, p.231.
The important issue is that the material culture is evidently drawn from local regions, with Aegean influence certainly, but not immediate and not direct.
Ayelet Gilboa commenting on excavations at Dor makes a somewhat supportive observation.
"..The finds at Dor, however, have not lived up to expectations, and the 'western association' of the Sikila has turned out to be elusive. Though a few artifacts do find corollaries in Philistia, like a lion-headed cup, incised scapulae and bimetallic knives, the broader picture is different.
At Dor, in the earliest Iron Age phases, there are no 'western' architectural traits. The two 'domestic' units excavated are ordinary courtyard buildings of Canaanite type. There are no western figurines, and the pottery is mostly of Canaanite derivation. The Myc. IIIC and Philistine Bichrome phenomena, or anything remotely similar, do not exist there".
Fragmenting the Sea Peoples Phenomenon, Gilboa, pp.209-244, in Scripta Mediterranea Vol XXVII 2006 and XXVIII 2007.
Indications of local origins, in some cases displaying Aegean influences, but not Aegean origins.
Best Wishes, Jon Smyth
Kitchener, On.
4. Online E-Book Source of Value:
Chronicles of Eri: being the history of the Gaal Sciot Iber: or ..., Volume 1
By Roger O'Connor
http://books.google.co.il/
books'id=3fce-cdFUWIC&
pg=PR182&lpg=PR182&
dq=sarmatae+medes&source=bl&
ots=3DOsh2uSDt&sig=-plaOVdcinv_
LLqjOH2ZFa2An8c&hl=en&
ei=SdW6ToX2HM3LswbLnJTABg&sa=X&
oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&
sqi=2&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&
q=sarmatae%20medes&f=false
BEING THE HISTORY OF THE GAAL SCIOT IBER:
OR,
THE IRISH PEOPLE;
TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINAL MANUSCRIPTS IN THE PHOENICIAN DIALECT OF THE SCYTHIAN LANGUAGE.
http://books.google.co.il/books'pg=PP7
&lpg=PR182&dq=sarmatae%20medes
&sig=-plaOVdcinv_LLqjOH2ZFa2An8c&
ei=SdW6ToX2HM3LswbLnJTABg&ct=result&sqi=2&
id=3fce-cdFUWIC&ots=3DOsh2
uSDt&output=text
5. Medes and Sarmatians.
Brit-Am Relevance:
The Ten Tribes were exiled by the Assyrians. One of the places the Bible says the Israelites were taken to is referred to as "Cities of the Medes".
# In the ninth year of Hoshea, the king of Assyria took Samaria and carried Israel away to Assyria, and placed them in Halah and by the Habor, the River of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes #
(2-Kings 17:6).
We identify the Ten Tribes in part as belonging to the confederation of Cimmerians, Scythians, and Goths (Guti). Wew later find the Scythians and Goths
north of the Caucasus. They were neighbored by the Sarmatians with whom they shared cultural similarities and sometimes were confused with.
The Sarmatians themselves appear to have been derived from the Medes.
It stands to reason that if the Medes had moved northward from Media so too could the Israelites who were in the Cities of the Medes have done!
This may seem obvious but it is not superfluous.
Below are a few sources identifying the Sarmatians with Medes.
Common Origin of Croats, Serbs and Jats
By: Dr. Samar Abbas, Bhubaneshwar, India
http://www.iranchamber.com/history/articles/
common_origin_croats_serbs_jats.php
The name Sarmatian is an Anglicization of the original Sauro Matii, the Latin form of the Prakrit Surya Madra or Surya Mada. The name means "Solar Medes", in English, another testimony to the worship of Surya, or Cyrus, the Asshur of Assyria, the Ahura Mazda of the Zoroastrians, the splendid Sun-god of the Iranic peoples.
http://hargita.awardspace.com/
hunstoria/h2sumerkalden.html
Herodotus asserted that the Sarmatians were the offspring of Scythian males with the Amazons (legendary female warriors) and that Sarmatian women learnt the Scythian tongue, but the men could not learn the women's language.
Madai
http://creationwiki.org/Madai#The_Medes
The Medes
The peoples of Madai first dwelt in northwest Iran, alongside Medan, known as the Medes. Their capital was Hagmatana (Persian) or Agbatana in Greek. They were called Ma-da-ai, in Assyrian inscriptions and became associated and linked up with the Medanites who invaded their territory from the west. Thus the names Madai and Medes were used interchangeably, but the Medanites formed the ruling class.
After the defeat of the Scythians in 584 BC, a colony of the Medes was established along the Don River. They thus moved north of the Black Sea and into Scythia[1] which is attested to by Jewish tradition which located them to the West of Magog.[2]
The Greeks called them the Sauro-Mat'and they spoke a Scythian tongue[3] which was much like that of the peoples of Persia.[4] They were also known as Surmatai or Syrmatai.[5] It would appear that many Elamites, who dwelt adjacent to the Madai in Iran, probably migrated with them into south-eastern Europe. (see Isaiah 21:2 ).
Many ancient writers refer to them. Strabo mentions that the Matiani or Matueni[6] as does Herodotus[7] and Pliny.[8] Ammianus Marcellinus speaks of the Sauro-matians dwellinng near the Hister (modern Danube)[9]. We also know that the Sea of Azov was anciently known as M'tis Palus; on it's shores dwelt the Maioti or Maiotiki.[10]
The Sarmatian dagger and sword used by these people were exactly like that of the Medes.[11] Researcher, Sulimirski, maintains that
' the Sarmatians were ... closely akin to the ancient Medes, Parthians, and Persians.[12] '
While Rostovtzeff wrote that
' the Scythian kingdom - a formation almost completely Iranian, a northern counter-part of the kingdom of Darius and Xerxes ... the Sarmatians, whose Iranian nationality is not disputed.[13] '
Herodotus wrote that the Medes were beginning to settle in the Ukraine even in his time. He maintained that there was a people a people who "dress in Median fashion" and who "claim to be colonists from Media" that "live north of Thrace ... beyond the Danube."[14] Pliny noted that
' Next come the two mouths of the river Don, where the inhabitants are the Sarmat' said to be descended from the Medes.[15] 'Pliny Bk vi.v.19
Professor Lundman wrote that the peoples of Russia, today, around the Black Sea and the Don are "perhaps ... vestiges of the descendants of the Irano-Scythian tribes who inhabited southern Russia in ancient times."[16]
Dio Siculus:
"It was by these kings that many of the conquered peoples were removed to other homes, and two of these became very great colonies: the one was composed of Assyrians and was removed to the land between Paphlagonia and Pontus, and the other was drawn from Media and planted along the Tana' (ancient name for the River Don in Russia), its people receiving the name Sauromatae. 7 Many years later this people became powerful and ravaged a large part of Scythia, and destroying utterly all whom they subdued they turned most of the land into a desert".
Diodorus Siculus Library of History. Book II, 35 60 (end)
http://penelope.uchicago.edu/
Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Diodoru
s_Siculus/2B*.html
Pliny, Natural History, VI, ch 7, W. H. Jones, transl., Wm. Heinemann, London, 1949-54
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