BAMAD-102
Brit-Am Anthropology and DNA Update
18 January 2011, 23 Tevet 5772
Contents:
1. Abuse may trigger gene changes found in suicide victims.
2. Northern Ireland: New Historical Possibilities . Scottish Settlers were Irish Returnees!
Catholics also came from Scotland!
3. Napoleon Bonaparte [like Hitler] belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1c1* (E-M34*).

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1. Abuse may trigger gene changes found in suicide victims
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13844
01:00 07 May 2008 byAlison Motluk

Early child abuse may forever change the way genes are expressed in the brain, suggests a postmortem study of people who died by suicide.

It is now well established that it isn't just what genes we inherit, but how they are turned on and off that influences our development. Most of these control switches are thrown before we are born, but some are set in early life, and to a lesser degree, throughout our lives.

Genes are switched off when methyl groups are added to our DNA. Studies have shown that diet, stress and even maternal care can influence these "epigenetic" changes.

In 2004, for instance, Moshe Szyf and his colleagues at McGill University in Montreal showed that rat pups neglected by their mothers had different levels of methylation and different stress responses from those that were well-cared for. They also showed that, with careful interventions, this could be reversed.

Could early care in humans also affect methylation levels'

Szyf knew that a sizable proportion of people who commit suicide were abused or neglected early in life. So his team examined the brains of 13 suicide victims who had a history of early neglect or abuse, and compared them to 11 age and gender matched controls, who had had normal upbringings but had died in sudden accidents.

The researchers were especially interested in a part of the brain called the hippocampus, which is involved in memory and mood, and is known to be smaller in people who have suffered abuse.

They examined genes in the hippocampus involved in controlling protein-producing RNA, and they found that in the suicide victims, a much higher proportion of these genes had been switched off, suggesting the hippocampus was indeed less active. This raises the question of whether epigenetic effects influence suicide risk.

Suicide intervention

Szyf thinks that the altered methylation is the result of child abuse and not suicide itself, and is now studying suicide victims who have not suffered abuse to confirm this.

He is ultimately interested in finding a way to undo these epigenetic changes. "The question is whether we could design an intervention - dietary, social, pharmacological - that could reverse it," says Szyf.

"I think it's very provocative," says Arthur Beaudet at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. "There's going to be a lot of heterogeneity in people who commit suicide. The fact that you find anything at all makes it interesting." He would like to see the work replicated, however.

"It's an important piece of work," says Craig Cooney at the University of Arkansas in Little Rock. "It points the way toward possible diagnosis and intervention."

01:00 07 May 2008 byAlison Motluk

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2. Northern Ireland: New Historical Possibilities.
Scottish Settlers were Irish Returnees!
Catholics also came from Scotland!
New Understandings.
Based on Information that has recently been made public or that was sent to us privately.

Northern Ireland had western and eastern sections.

The western section (Donegal, etc) was inhabited by clans of the Connachta who were related to the U Neil.
The eastern section was thinly populated but those settlers it did have were mainly Cruthin and Fir Bolg (Belgae).
The U Neil with the help of their Connachta kinfolk ruled over most of Ireland. The U Neil claimed to be High Kings of Ireland.
Around 1500 the U Neil lineage was interrupted when assumedly adopted outsiders became the rulers.
This has been used to explain why families named O'Neil do not usually have the same YDNA R-M222 (R17b)  Chromosome (Northwest Ireland Group) marker that is characteristic to the Connachta
and to most families associated with the U Neil.
The Connachta also had clans in Western Scotland in the Kingdom of Dal Riata.
These later moved back to Northern Ireland as part of the Plantation as the colonization from Scotland and England is referred to.
At that time Scotland was just as (or more than) accessible by sea from Northern Ireland than other parts of Ireland were by land.
The English and Scottish had united into one kingdom. They conquered Ireland and began a Plantation or colonization of Northern Ireland.
The colonists came from the border areas of England and Scotland, from the highlands of Scotland, and from other areas.
The new settlers included Catholics from the Scottish Highlands who had been evacuated from their own lands.
Nevertheless, most of the colonizers were Protestant.
The Plantation took place while the Protestant Reformation and concomitant break-away from Catholicism was in progress.
The Plantation was accompanied by displacement and even killing of the former inhabitants though most probably remained. Many of them became Protestant and merged with
the newcomers. Others retained their Catholic Faith and formed the core element of Catholicism in Ulster. As mentioned some of the settlers themselves were Catholics. Over the years and various economic vicissitudes many more Catholics moved into Ulster.  There were also cases of Protestants becoming Catholics and Catholics becoming Protestant and much intermarriage between the two.
The Scottish settlers in Ulster included most of the Connachta clans from Dalriata. This may help explain the recently claimed high proportion of R-M222 YDNA amongst the Ulster population.

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3. Napoleon Bonaparte [like Hitler] belonged to haplogroup E1b1b1c1* (E-M34*)
http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2012/01/napoleon-bonaparte-belonged-to.html
A previous paper on his mtDNA which was H.  A previous study found that Hitler also belonged to haplogroup E1b1b. So, expect plenty of war and mayhem if a new European leader emerges with a haplogroup E1b1b chromosome -- and, yes, I'm joking.

Journal of Molecular Biology Research Vol 1, No 1 (2011)

Haplogroup of the Y Chromosome of Napoleon the First

Gerard Lucotte, Thierry Thomasset, Peter Hrechdakian

Abstract
This paper describes the finding of the determination of the Y-haplogroup of French Emperor Napoleon I (Napoleon Bonaparte). DNA was extracted from two islands of follicular sheaths located at the basis of two of his beard hairs, conserved in the Vivant Denon reliquary. The Y-haplogroup of Napoleon I, determined by the study of 10 NRY-SNPs (non-recombinant Y-single nucleotide polymorphisms), is E1b1b1c1*. Charles Napoleon, the current collateral male descendant of Napoleon I, belongs to this same Y-haplogroup; his Y-STR profile was determined by using a set of 37 NRY-STRs (non-recombinant Y-microsatellites).

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