BAMAD-96
Brit-Am Anthropology and DNA Update
4 August 2011, 4 Av 5771
Contents:
1. Eden from Belgium Checks In!
2. David Lindblad: Lost Tribes Significance of King Tut's Genetic Descendents.
3. Dark winters 'led to bigger human brains and eyeballs' By Judith Burns.
4. Facial Skeletons Show that Modern Europeans NOT Descended from Stone or Bronze Age Europe!
 Noriko Seguchi, Conrad B. Quintyn , Sherry C. Fox , A. Russell Nelson , Sotiris K. Manolis , and Pan Qifeng
5. DNA Studies Show Modern Europeans not Descended from Ancient Europeans!
We Are Not Our Ancestors: Evidence for Discontinuity between Prehistoric and Modern Europeans
Ellen Levy-Coffman

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1. Eden from Belgium Checks In!
B'H

i am leaving in belguim.

My ancesters, from my mother side, always told that we are coming from the ancient israel and that they convert to christian long time ago.

i did a DNA test to find out if it was true, i did not the subclads, but it appear that i am in the Haplogroup H (Helena).

Scientist say that ashkenazic mtDNA are 32% K, 21% H, 10% N1B and 7 % J1 ? and others.

So i am very happy to hear that, i plan to test my subclades, very soon, to know more.

toda raba meod for your website, i love it!

Eden C.

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2. David Lindblad: Lost Tribes Significance of King Tut's Genetic Descendents

Dear Yair:

Thank you for all your good work in revealing the facts regarding the Ten Lost Tribes to so many.

In relation to the Ten Lost Tribes, would you care to comment on the possible significance, if any, of the European Union Times article (www.eutimes.net) entitled "King Tut's DNA is Western European," posted by EUTimes on June 7th, 2010. The article states that there is a 99.6 percent fit with the R1b haplogroup, which, the article states, is the most common Y-chromosome haplogroup in Europe, reaching its highest concentrations in Ireland, Scotland, Western England and the Euruopean Atlantic sea board, and states "so much for the Afro-centrists and others who lave derided the very obvious northwestern European appearance of a large number of the pharonic mummies."

See also the EUTimes article posted 8/2/2011 "Half of European Men Share King Tut's DNA." The second article states that "nearly half of all western European men are related to the Egyptian Pharoah Tutankhamun," according to geneticists, and that "around 70 percent of Spanish and 60 percent of French men also belong to the genetic group of the Pharoah," but that surprisingly, "the figure among modern-day Egyptian males does not exceed 1 percent."

What do you see or think is the significance, if any, of these findings in relationship to the Ten Lost Tribes? Is this a confirmation of the possible presence of Hebrews as a ruling class at some time in Egypt? Do the findings indicate that today's Egyptian men are not necessarily related to Egypt's ancient rulers? Or are these results to general to mean anything? Your insights would be greatly appreciated.

Sincerely,

David Lindblad
Arizona, United States of America

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3.   Dark winters 'led to bigger human brains and eyeballs' By Judith Burns
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-14279729
Science reporter, BBC News
 
Extracts:

 Researchers measured skulls from the 1800s

Humans living at high latitude have bigger eyes and bigger brains to cope with poor light during long winters and cloudy days, UK scientists have said.

The Oxford University team said bigger brains did not make people smarter.

Larger vision processing areas fill the extra capacity, they write in the Royal Society's Biology Letters journal.

The scientists measured the eye sockets and brain volumes of 55 skulls from 12 populations across the world, and plotted the results against latitude.

Lead author Eiluned Pearce told BBC News: "We found a positive relationship between absolute latitude and both eye socket size and cranial capacity."

The team, from the Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, used skulls dating from the 1800s kept at museums in Oxford and Cambridge.

The skulls were from indigenous populations ranging from Scandinavia to Australia, Micronesia and North America.

Largest brain cavities
 
The largest brain cavities came from Scandinavia, while the smallest were from Micronesia.

Eiluned Pearce said: "Both the amount of light hitting the Earth's surface and winter day-lengths get shorter as you go further north or south from the equator.

"We found that as light levels decrease, humans are getting bigger eye sockets, which suggests that their eyeballs are getting bigger.

 Barn owls are nocturnal hunters
"They are also getting bigger brains, because we found this increase in cranial capacity as well.

"In the paper, we argue that having bigger brains doesn't mean that high-latitude humans are necessarily smarter. It's just they need bigger eyes and brains to be able to see well where they live."

The work indicates that humans are subject to the same evolutionary trends that give relatively large eyes to birds that sing first during the dawn chorus, or species such as owls that forage at night.

Co author Prof Robin Dunbar said: "Humans have only lived at high latitudes in Europe and Asia for a few tens of thousands of years, yet they seem to have adapted their visual systems surprisingly rapidly to the cloudy skies, dull weather and long winters we experience at these latitudes."

The team took into account the overall body size of each individual by measuring the foramen magnum - the hole in the base of the skull that attaches to the spinal column.

They also controlled for the possibility that the larger eye sockets were needed for extra fat around the eyeball to insulate them from freezing temperatures.

The team intends to do more work on establishing a firm link between eyeball size and enhanced visual processing areas in the brain, and to replicate the link found in the 55 original skulls with further study on specimens from other museums.

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4.   Facial Skeletons Show that Modern Europeans NOT Descended from Stone or Bronze Age Europe!

http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Minoan_Greece_1.htm
ANTHROPOLOGY
The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form

C. Loring Brace *, Noriko Seguchi Conrad B. Quintyn , Sherry C. Fox , A. Russell Nelson , Sotiris K. Manolis , and Pan Qifeng

* Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; Department of Anthropology, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812; Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, PA 17815-1301; Weiner Laboratory, The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, GR-106 76 Athens, Greece; || Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; ** Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-157 81 Athens, Greece; and Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100710, People's Republic of China

Communicated by Kent V. Flannery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, November 11, 2005 (received for review September 20, 2005)

Many human craniofacial dimensions are largely of neutral adaptive significance, and an analysis of their variation can serve as an indication of the extent to which any given population is genetically related to or differs from any other. When 24 craniofacial measurements of a series of human populations are used to generate neighbor-joining dendrograms, it is no surprise that all modern European groups, ranging all of the way from Scandinavia to eastern Europe and throughout the Mediterranean to the Middle East, show that they are closely related to each other. The surprise is that the Neolithic peoples of Europe and their Bronze Age successors are not closely related to the modern inhabitants, although the prehistoric/modern ties are somewhat more apparent in southern Europe. It is a further surprise that the Epipalaeolithic Natufian of Israel from whom the Neolithic realm was assumed to arise has a clear link to Sub-Saharan Africa. Basques and Canary Islanders are clearly associated with modern Europeans. When canonical variates are plotted, neither sample ties in with Cro-Magnon as was once suggested. The data treated here support the idea that the Neolithic moved out of the Near East into the circum-Mediterranean areas and Europe by a process of demic diffusion but that subsequently the in situ residents of those areas, derived from the Late Pleistocene inhabitants, absorbed both the agricultural life way and the people who had brought it.

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5. DNA Studies Show Modern Europeans not Descended from Ancient Europeans!

We Are Not Our Ancestors: Evidence for Discontinuity between Prehistoric and Modern Europeans
Ellen Levy-Coffman
http://www.slideshare.net/Pammy98/we-are-not-our-ancestors-evidence-for-discontinuity-between

The model of European genetic ancestry has recently shifted away from the Neolithic diffusion model towards an emphasis on autochthonous Paleolithic origins. However, this new paradigm utilizes genetic reconstructions based primarily on contemporary populations and, furthermore, is often promoted without regard to the findings of ancient DNA studies. These ancient DNA studies indicate that contemporary European ancestry is not a living fossil of the Paleolithic maternal deme ; rather, demographic events during the Neolithic and post-Neolithic periods appear to have had substantial impact on the European genetic record. In addition, evolutionary processes, including genetic drift, adaptive selection and disease susceptibility, may have altered the patterns of maternal lineage frequency and distribution in existing populations. As a result, the genetic history of Europe has undergone significant transformation over time , resulting in genetic discontinuity between modern-day Europeans and their ancient maternal forbearers.

Received: August 17, 2006; Accepted October 20, 2006


Conclusion: Why We Are Not Our Ancestors

The ancient DNA studies present a picture of genetic break or ?discontinuity? between ancient and modern-day European maternal histories. This evidence indicates that modern-day mtDNA haplogroup frequencies and distributions should not be considered living fossils of Europe's Paleolithic past.

Currently, the genetic picture presented by the aDNA studies is based exclusively on mitochondrial DNA results. This form of DNA, unlike that of the Y chromosome, is generally preserved in a form that allows for testing of ancient remains. However, the Y chromosome genetic picture of Europe may also have undergone significant change similar to that impacting the ancient maternal lineages. The ancient DNA results provide a cautionary framework for geneticists in their reconstruction of the distribution and frequency of ancient European Y chromosome lineages. Modern-day Europeans cannot accurately be used as genetic proxies for their prehistoric counterparts.

These findings stand in stark contrast to the model presented by many DNA studies of an undisturbed genetic link between contemporary and Paleolithic European groups. Yet evidence of such genetic continuity is sparse, even among populations such as the Basque. More problematically, it contradicts the findings of the ancient DNA studies. These studies indicate that populations have indeed changed dramatically over time, with some ancient lineages suffering reductions and even extinctions from the European gene pool.

Extinction appears to be the fate suffered by the Etruscans maternal lineages. Many other ancient groups appear to have suffered a similar fate, the continuity of their genetic lineages extinguished for future generations. Only the archaeological record remains a testament to their existence. Certain genetic lineages, like mtDNA haplogroup H, came to dominate the genetic landscape over time. The contemporary European genetic picture is thus a reflection of these complex demographic and evolutionary processes, changing and adapting until it is no longer a mere reflection of its genetic past, but a new and constantly evolving population.

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