BAMAD-99
Brit-Am Anthropology and DNA Update
11 October 2011, 13 Tishrei 5772
Contents:
1. Ancient R1b is  non-Existent in Europe!
2. Scotland: Pict DNA.
3. Ongoing Headshape and other Changes!!!
Secular trends in some Russian populations

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1. Ancient R1b is  non-Existent in Europe!
From: authun
Subject: [Germanic-L] Ancient yDNA and Otzi

Otzi's yDNA has been successfully analysed and, to many people's surprise, he belongs to a group known as G2a4.

This is a relatively small group in today's european population but it is one of the more frequent groups in the small number of ancient DNA samples that we have.

We have not yet recovered any R1b in early or middle neolithic populations despite this being present in over 110 million males in western europe.

From the neolithic LBK in Derenburg we have 2 x F and 1x G2a3
Otzi, 3300 BC, G2a4
From the Treilles in France dated 3000 BC, 20 G2a, 2 x I2a

Groups under R, ie primarily R1a in eastern europe and R1b in western europe, start to appear in the 3rd cent. BC

Eulau Germany, 2,600BC, 3 x R1a, very possibly related
Lichtenstein Germany, 1000 BC, 13 I2b2 representing possibly 4 familial groups, 2 x R1a, probably related and 1 x R1b

In the historical period, we start to find:

Aldaieta Basques 6th/7th cent. AD, 4 x undefined I, 1 x R1b, 19 x undefined R1 but excluding R1a, 2 x undefined R1
Ergolding Bavaria, 7th cent AD, 4 x R1b, possibly siblings, 2 x G2a
Usedom Germany 12th/13th cent. AD, 1 x E1b, 1 x R1a
Graves reputed to be those of Birger (father), Erik (son) and Mechteld (mother), founder of Stockholm, 2 x I1.

When more ancient yDNA results become available, it will be interesting to see if anything under group R1 continues to remain absent before the copper age.

cheers
authun

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2. Scotland: Pict DNA
Scotland's DNA: In search of a lost tribe - Part Three
http://living.scotsman.com/who-do-you-
think-you-are/Scotland39s-DNA-In-search-
of.6726739.jp?articlepage=3

http://living.scotsman.
com/who-do-you-think-you-are/Scotland39s-
DNA-In-search-of.6726739.jp?articlepage=3
In AD839 a fateful battle was fought in Strathearn, many Pictish aristocrats were killed and within a generation their power was becoming a memory. The Vikings had sailed into history and it seems that at Strathearn their elemental savagery all but extinguished a culture. The language of the Picts, that of most of the north of Scotland, was silenced, and since no written records survive, it is impossible to reconstruct. All that remain are a few names and words for geographical features. No-one now can utter a sentence in Pictish.
What happened to these people and their language, culture and political power? Were they massacred, driven off their land into starvation and extinction or simply submerged into other dominant groups? Where did the Picts go?

Nowhere. DNA studies are unequivocal. The Picts are alive, well and living quietly among us. Their distinctive DNA marker has been identified and is one of the very few to have been given a name. S145-Pict is carried by 7 per cent of Scottish men, 175,000 in all, and its distribution is wide, extending over much of the north of Scotland, over ancient Pictland. In the seven traditional provinces of Angus and the Mearns, Atholl and Gowrie, Strathearn and Menteith, Fife and Kinross, Marr and Buchan, Moray and Easter Ross and Caithness and south-east Sutherland, most carriers were clustered. More than that, it was in these areas that most mutations of the marker had taken place, and therefore it had certainly originated in the Pictish provinces of northern and eastern Scotland.

It also turns out that Pictish kings and noblemen did not all perish at Strathearn and some lineages appear to have carried on ? but under assumed names. The owners of clan names are especially enthusiastic about tracing their genealogy and having their DNA analysed.

Clan MacGregor has a colourful record, with men like Rob Roy and Sir Gregor MacGregor making slightly disreputable but dashing marks on history. Their clan lands were in Perthshire, on the eastern slopes of the Drumalban Mountains, firmly in the ancient domain of the Picts. From a sample of 144 MacGregor Y chromosomes, a large proportion, 53 per cent, clearly descend from one individual. The clan motto is "S Rioghal mo Dhream", my race is royal. They claim lineage from Alpin, the ancestor of Kenneth MacAlpin, king of Dalriada and Pictland in the mid-9th century and the king of Scotland from whom all successive monarchs are numbered.

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3. Ongoing Headshape and other Changes!!!

Secular trends in some Russian populations

Anthropol Anz. 2011;68(4):367-77.
http://dienekes.blogspot.com/
Secular trends in some Russian populations.

Godina EZ

Abstract
Secular changes of body measurements in children have been the subject of studies in many different countries. In recent years, there has been an increase in BMI associated with a significant trend towards obesity in both Europe and the US. The aim of the present study was to analyze trends in body measurements and BMI in Russia from the 1960's to the beginning of the 21st century. This was done at three locations of the Russian Federation: the city of Moscow, the cities of Saratov and Naberezhnye Chelny in the Volga-river area. In addition, data on secular changes of Abkhazian children were analyzed. A large number of anthropometric measurements were taken on each individual including height, weight, arm, leg and trunk lengths (estimated), body diameters and circumferences, skinfold thickness, head and face dimensions. Stages of secondary sex characteristics also were evaluated; data on menarcheal age were collected by status-quo and retrospective methods. Changes in hand grip strength have been evaluated in some of the samples. While stature was increasing during these years, weight, chest circumference and BMI were characterized by negative changes, which became more obvious in elder girls. Changes in handgrip strength also showed negative trends. There were noticeable changes in head and face measurements, which were expressed in more elongated head and face forms, i.e. the head became longer and narrower with narrower and higher faces. Secular changes in head and facial morphology may be considered part of the general trend.

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