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where we note that the form
"Yam" could have been used interchangeably with Yah.
[1-Kings 15:2] THREE YEARS REIGNED HE IN JERUSALEM. AND HIS MOTHER'S NAME WAS
MAACHAH, THE DAUGHTER OF ABISHALOM.
There is a chronological discussion as
to whether the three years of
Abiyah's reign were full years or
merely regnal
ones i.e. not complete years but counted as such for dynastic purposes.
ABISHALOM
is considered another form of
Abshalom.
The father of Maachah
according to some accounts (e.g. Josephus) was
Abshalom
son of David who rebelled against him, defiled his concubines, and was killed.
See:
2-Samuel-15
http://britam.org/2samuel-15.html
In [2-Chronicles 13:2] it
says: HIS MOTHER'S NAME ALSO WAS
MICHAIAH
THE DAUGHTER OF URIEL
OF GIBEAH.
There seems to be contradiction here.
Was his mother MAACHAH,
THE DAUGHTER OF ABISHALOM
[1-Kings 15:2]
or
MICHAIAH
THE DAUGHTER OF URIEL
OF GIBEAH?
To find an answer, we went through some of the Commentaries.
MICHAIAH
was another name for MAACHAH.
She may not have been actually the daughter of
ABISHALOM
but rather the grand-daughter through her mother.
We see later that she was a bad person. Her grandson
Asa
who reigned after Abiyah
was a good king and demoted her from her position of importance due to her
wickedness.
AND ALSO MAACHAH
HIS MOTHER, EVEN HER HE REMOVED FROM BEING QUEEN, BECAUSE SHE HAD MADE AN IDOL
IN A GROVE; AND ASA
DESTROYED HER IDOL, AND BURNT IT BY THE BROOK KIDRON [1-Kings 15:13].
In Scripture ancestors are sometimes
referred to as "father" or "mother" and in genealogical accounts it happens that
some generations may be skipped over.
It has been suggested (Daat
Mikra)
that MAACHAH
is referred to as THE DAUGHTER OF
ABISHALOM
(even though she was actually merely a descendant) to emphasize the retrograde
qualities she may have inherited from him.
[1-Kings 15:3] AND HE WALKED IN ALL THE SINS OF HIS FATHER, WHICH HE HAD DONE
BEFORE HIM: AND HIS HEART WAS NOT PERFECT WITH THE LORD HIS GOD, AS THE HEART OF
DAVID HIS FATHER.
The Sages said that both
Rehoboam
and his sin Abijah
did not actually sin themselves. They rather did not prevent the people from
sinning. They failed to exert their authority and the influence they did have to
keep their subjects on the right track.
[1-Kings 15:4] NEVERTHELESS FOR DAVID'S SAKE DID THE LORD HIS GOD GIVE HIM A
LAMP IN JERUSALEM, TO SET UP HIS SON AFTER HIM, AND TO ESTABLISH JERUSALEM:
There are Jewish families that believe
they are descended from King David. There are also claims concerning the British
Royal Houses and so on. We have discussed this elsewhere. It does stand to
reason however that descendants of David now occupy ruling positions over
different sections of the House of Israel and Judah.
Aviyah
did not deserve to rule by virtue of his own deeds but rather due to him being
descended from David. We may never know how things are figured out. We all
should try to do as well as we can in religious matters not only for our own
sake but also for the sake of our family and our people.
[1-Kings 15:5] BECAUSE DAVID DID THAT WHICH WAS RIGHT IN THE EYES OF THE LORD,
AND TURNED NOT ASIDE FROM ANY THING THAT HE COMMANDED HIM ALL THE DAYS OF HIS
LIFE, SAVE ONLY IN THE MATTER OF URIAH THE HITTITE.
David only sinned in the matter of
Uriah.
[1-Kings 15:6] AND THERE WAS WAR BETWEEN REHOBOAM AND JEROBOAM ALL THE DAYS OF
HIS LIFE.
[1-Kings 15:7] NOW THE REST OF THE ACTS OF ABIJAM, AND ALL THAT HE DID, ARE THEY
NOT WRITTEN IN THE BOOK OF THE CHRONICLES OF THE KINGS OF JUDAH? AND THERE WAS
WAR BETWEEN ABIJAM AND JEROBOAM.
[1-Kings 15:8] AND ABIJAM SLEPT WITH HIS FATHERS; AND THEY BURIED HIM IN THE
CITY OF DAVID: AND ASA HIS SON REIGNED IN HIS STEAD.
The Book of Chronicles gives us more
details concerning the reign of
Abiyah.
We hope eventually to write a separate Brit-Am Commentary to Chronicles so we
may not always refer to what Chronicles says in our commentary to the Book of
Kings. Nevertheless concerning
Abiyah it is worth noting.
Chronicles tells us how
Abiyah
with 400,000 warriors went to war against Jeroboam with 800,000. it is implied
that Jeroboam had initiated
hositilieis in an attempt to
subdue Judah. Abiyah
reproved Jeroboam and the Ten tribes for rebelling against the House of David
and for taking advantage of the inexperience of
Rehoboam
his father to break away from Judah. He also condemned them for worshipping
golden statues of bull calves and appointing ordinary volunteers as priests in
place of the Levites.
Jeroboam the King of Israel made an ambush against the Host of Judah and
attacked them from both sides. The men of Judah cried to the Almighty and the
Priests sounded the trumpets. God saved them. They slaughtered 500, 000
Israelites and pursued after them capturing settlements in the region of Bethel,
Yehsanah,
and Ephraim in general. After that Jeroboam never recovered. He was struck by
God and died.
Abiyah
had 14 wives, 22 sons, and 16 daughters.
He died 1o years after the war against Jeroboam and was succeeded by his son
Asa.
Below is the relevant passage from
Chronicles:
[2-Chronicles 12:16] AND REHOBOAM
SLEPT WITH HIS FATHERS, AND WAS BURIED IN THE CITY OF DAVID: AND
ABIJAH
HIS SON REIGNED IN HIS STEAD.
[2-Chronicles 13:1] NOW IN THE EIGHTEENTH YEAR OF KING JEROBOAM BEGAN
ABIJAH
TO REIGN OVER JUDAH.
[2-Chronicles 13:2] HE REIGNED THREE YEARS IN JERUSALEM. HIS MOTHER'S NAME ALSO
WAS MICHAIAH
THE DAUGHTER OF URIEL
OF GIBEAH.
AND THERE WAS WAR BETWEEN ABIJAH
AND JEROBOAM.
[2-Chronicles 13:3] AND ABIJAH
SET THE BATTLE IN ARRAY WITH AN ARMY OF VALIANT MEN OF WAR, EVEN FOUR HUNDRED
THOUSAND CHOSEN MEN: JEROBOAM ALSO SET THE BATTLE IN ARRAY AGAINST HIM WITH
EIGHT HUNDRED THOUSAND CHOSEN MEN, BEING MIGHTY MEN OF
VALOUR.
[2-Chronicles 13:4] AND
ABIJAH
STOOD UP UPON MOUNT ZEMARAIM,
WHICH IS IN MOUNT EPHRAIM, AND SAID, HEAR ME, THOU JEROBOAM, AND ALL ISRAEL;
[2-Chronicles 13:5] OUGHT YE NOT TO KNOW THAT THE LORD GOD OF ISRAEL GAVE THE
KINGDOM OVER ISRAEL TO DAVID FOR EVER, EVEN TO HIM AND TO HIS SONS BY A
COVENANT OF SALT?
[2-Chronicles 13:6] YET JEROBOAM THE SON OF
NEBAT,
THE SERVANT OF SOLOMON THE SON OF DAVID, IS RISEN UP, AND HATH REBELLED AGAINST
HIS LORD.
[2-Chronicles 13:7] AND THERE ARE GATHERED UNTO HIM VAIN MEN, THE CHILDREN OF
BELIAL, AND HAVE STRENGTHENED THEMSELVES AGAINST
REHOBOAM
THE SON OF SOLOMON, WHEN REHOBOAM
WAS YOUNG AND TENDERHEARTED, AND COULD NOT WITHSTAND THEM.
[2-Chronicles 13:8] AND NOW YE THINK TO
WITHSTAND THE KINGDOM OF THE LORD IN THE HAND OF THE SONS OF DAVID; AND YE BE A
GREAT MULTITUDE, AND THERE ARE WITH YOUR GOLDEN CALVES, WHICH JEROBOAM MADE YOU
FOR GODS.
[2-Chronicles 13:9] HAVE YE NOT CAST OUT THE PRIESTS OF THE LORD, THE SONS OF
AARON, AND THE LEVITES, AND HAVE MADE YOU PRIESTS AFTER THE MANNER OF THE
NATIONS OF OTHER LANDS? SO THAT WHOSOEVER COMETH TO CONSECRATE HIMSELF WITH A
YOUNG BULLOCK AND SEVEN RAMS, THE SAME MAY BE A PRIEST OF THEM THAT ARE NO GODS.
[2-Chronicles 13:10] BUT AS FOR US, THE LORD IS OUR GOD, AND WE HAVE NOT
FORSAKEN HIM; AND THE PRIESTS, WHICH MINISTER UNTO THE LORD, ARE THE SONS OF
AARON, AND THE LEVITES WAIT UPON THEIR BUSINESS:
[2-Chronicles 13:11] AND THEY BURN UNTO
THE LORD EVERY MORNING AND EVERY EVENING BURNT SACRIFICES AND SWEET INCENSE: THE
SHEWBREAD
ALSO SET THEY IN ORDER UPON THE PURE TABLE; AND THE CANDLESTICK OF GOLD WITH THE
LAMPS THEREOF, TO BURN EVERY EVENING: FOR WE KEEP THE CHARGE OF THE LORD OUR
GOD; BUT YE HAVE FORSAKEN HIM.
[2-Chronicles 13:1 AND, BEHOLD, GOD HIMSELF IS WITH US FOR OUR CAPTAIN, AND HIS
PRIESTS WITH SOUNDING TRUMPETS TO CRY ALARM AGAINST YOU. O CHILDREN OF ISRAEL,
FIGHT YE NOT AGAINST THE LORD GOD OF YOUR FATHERS; FOR YE SHALL NOT PROSPER.
[2-Chronicles 13:13] BUT JEROBOAM CAUSED AN
AMBUSHMENT
TO COME ABOUT BEHIND THEM: SO THEY WERE BEFORE JUDAH, AND THE
AMBUSHMENT
WAS BEHIND THEM.
[2-Chronicles 13:14] AND WHEN JUDAH LOOKED BACK, BEHOLD, THE BATTLE WAS BEFORE
AND BEHIND: AND THEY CRIED UNTO THE LORD, AND THE PRIESTS SOUNDED WITH THE
TRUMPETS.
[2-Chronicles 13:15] THEN THE MEN OF
JUDAH GAVE A SHOUT: AND AS THE MEN OF JUDAH SHOUTED, IT CAME TO PASS, THAT GOD
SMOTE JEROBOAM AND ALL ISRAEL BEFORE
ABIJAH
AND JUDAH.
[2-Chronicles 13:16] AND THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL FLED BEFORE JUDAH: AND GOD
DELIVERED THEM INTO THEIR HAND.
[2-Chronicles 13:17] AND ABIJAH
AND HIS PEOPLE SLEW THEM WITH A GREAT SLAUGHTER: SO THERE FELL DOWN SLAIN OF
ISRAEL FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND CHOSEN MEN.
[2-Chronicles 13:18] THUS THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL WERE BROUGHT UNDER AT THAT
TIME, AND THE CHILDREN OF JUDAH PREVAILED, BECAUSE THEY RELIED UPON THE LORD
GOD OF THEIR FATHERS.
[2-Chronicles 13:19] AND
ABIJAH
PURSUED AFTER JEROBOAM, AND TOOK CITIES FROM HIM, BETHEL WITH THE TOWNS THEREOF,
AND JESHANAH
WITH THE TOWNS THEREOF, AND EPHRAIM WITH THE TOWNS THEREOF.
[2-Chronicles 13:20] NEITHER DID JEROBOAM RECOVER STRENGTH AGAIN IN THE DAYS OF
ABIJAH:
AND THE LORD STRUCK HIM, AND HE DIED.
[2-Chronicles 13:21] BUT ABIJAH
WAXED MIGHTY, AND MARRIED FOURTEEN WIVES, AND BEGAT TWENTY AND TWO SONS, AND
SIXTEEN DAUGHTERS.
[2-Chronicles 13:2 AND THE REST OF THE ACTS OF
ABIJAH,
AND HIS WAYS, AND HIS SAYINGS, ARE WRITTEN IN THE STORY OF THE PROPHET
IDDO.
[2-Chronicles 14:1] SO ABIJAH
SLEPT WITH HIS FATHERS, AND THEY BURIED HIM IN THE CITY OF DAVID: AND
ASA
HIS SON REIGNED IN HIS STEAD. IN HIS DAYS THE LAND WAS QUIET TEN YEARS.
[1-Kings 15:9] AND IN THE TWENTIETH YEAR OF JEROBOAM KING OF ISRAEL REIGNED ASA
OVER JUDAH.
Asa
in Hebrew (and Aramaic) connotes "healing".
[1-Kings 15:10] AND FORTY AND ONE YEARS REIGNED HE IN JERUSALEM. AND HIS
MOTHER'S NAME WAS MAACHAH, THE DAUGHTER OF ABISHALOM.
[1-Kings 15:11] AND ASA DID THAT WHICH WAS RIGHT IN THE EYES OF THE LORD, AS DID
DAVID HIS FATHER.
[1-Kings 15:12] AND HE TOOK AWAY THE SODOMITES OUT OF THE LAND, AND REMOVED ALL
THE IDOLS THAT HIS FATHERS HAD MADE.
SODOMITES. Hebrew "kedoshim"
literally "Holy Ones". These were males who dedicated themselves to homosexual
prostitution with the proceeds going to the pagan Temple they worked out of.
[1-Kings 15:13] AND ALSO MAACHAH HIS MOTHER, EVEN HER HE REMOVED FROM BEING
QUEEN, BECAUSE SHE HAD MADE AN IDOL IN A GROVE; AND ASA DESTROYED HER IDOL, AND
BURNT IT BY THE BROOK KIDRON.
We saw above (1-Kings 15:3) that
MAACHAH
is referred to as THE DAUGHTER OF
ABISHALOM
(even though she was actually merely a descendant) to emphasize the retrograde
qualities she may have inherited from him.
[1-Kings 15:14] BUT THE HIGH PLACES WERE NOT REMOVED: NEVERTHELESS ASA'S HEART
WAS PERFECT WITH THE LORD ALL HIS DAYS.
THE HIGH PLACES. Hebrew "Bamot".
These were places of worship and the offering of sacrifice to the God of Israel
but outside of the Temple Area. This was forbidden but a continued common
practice even when righteous monarchs were in power.
[1-Kings 15:15] AND HE BROUGHT IN THE THINGS WHICH HIS FATHER HAD DEDICATED, AND
THE THINGS WHICH HIMSELF HAD DEDICATED, INTO THE HOUSE OF THE LORD, SILVER, AND
GOLD, AND VESSELS.
[1-Kings 15:16] AND THERE WAS WAR BETWEEN ASA AND BAASHA KING OF ISRAEL ALL
THEIR DAYS.
Baasha
was the king of the Ten Tribes in the Kingdom of Israel to the north of Judah
and Jerusalem. The narrative has here jumped forward in regards to the
Northern Kingdom but it backtracks later. We shall see 1-Kings 15:27) how
Jeroboam the son of Nebat
died and was followed by his son
Nadav who reigned for two years.
He was then killed by Baasha
from the Tribe of Issachar
who ruled in his stead.
[1-Kings 15:17] AND BAASHA KING OF ISRAEL WENT UP AGAINST JUDAH, AND BUILT
RAMAH, THAT HE MIGHT NOT SUFFER ANY TO GO OUT OR COME IN TO ASA KING OF
JUDAH.
RAMAH. Supposedly near the present-day
Arab occupied city of Ramallah.
[1-Kings 15:18] THEN ASA TOOK ALL THE SILVER AND THE GOLD THAT WERE LEFT IN THE
TREASURES OF THE HOUSE OF THE LORD, AND THE TREASURES OF THE KING'S HOUSE, AND
DELIVERED THEM INTO THE HAND OF HIS SERVANTS: AND KING ASA SENT THEM TO BENHADAD,
THE SON OF TABRIMON, THE SON OF HEZION, KING OF SYRIA, THAT DWELT AT DAMASCUS,
SAYING,
SYRIA. In Hebrew "Aram"
a term that applied also to areas in northern Syria and present-day Iraq.
DAMASCUS. In Biblical terms Damascus often refers to a city or area by the Upper
Euphrates in the region of Gozan.
See:
"Brit-Am Now"- 402
http://britam.org/now/now402.html
#3. The NORTHERN BORDERS
of Biblical Israel
[1-Kings 15:19] THERE IS A LEAGUE BETWEEN ME AND THEE, AND BETWEEN MY FATHER
AND THY FATHER: BEHOLD, I HAVE SENT UNTO THEE A PRESENT OF SILVER AND GOLD;
COME AND BREAK THY LEAGUE WITH BAASHA KING OF ISRAEL, THAT HE MAY DEPART FROM
ME.
[1-Kings 15:20] SO BENHADAD HEARKENED UNTO KING ASA, AND SENT THE CAPTAINS OF
THE HOSTS WHICH HE HAD AGAINST THE CITIES OF ISRAEL, AND SMOTE IJON, AND DAN,
AND ABEL-BETH-MAACHAH, AND ALL CINNEROTH, WITH ALL THE LAND OF NAPHTALI.
MAACHAH
became the name of the goddess of war in Ancient Ireland.
ABEL-BETH-MAACHAH
means The Plain of the House of
Maacah. In Hebrew it could also
be rendered as Emain
Maacah,
as explained elsewhere. ABEL-BETH-MAACHAH
had been an important Israelite center in the north.
Later the name Emain
Macah
re-appeared in Ancient Ireland.
Emain
Macha
is also known as Navan
Fort in County Armagh,
Northern Ireland. It was the site of the traditional capital of the
Ulaid.
Quotation:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navan_
Fort#Emain_Macha_in_Irish_mythology##According to Irish mythology and historical tradition it [Emain Macha] was the capital of the Ulaid, the people who gave their name to the province of Ulster. It was supposedly founded by the goddess Macha in the 5th or 7th century BC, and was the seat of Conchobar mac Nessa in the tales of the Ulster Cycle. ...##The name Emain Macha is variously explained as "Macha's neck-brooch", after Macha marked out the boundaries of the site with her brooch, and "Macha's twins", after Macha gave birth to twins after being forced to compete in a chariot-race. The Annals of the Four Masters record that it was abandoned after it was burned by the Three Collas in 331 AD, after they had defeated Fergus Foga, king of Ulster.
http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-EmainMacha.html[1-Kings 15:21] AND IT CAME TO PASS, WHEN BAASHA HEARD THEREOF, THAT HE LEFT OFF BUILDING OF RAMAH, AND DWELT IN TIRZAH.
Excavation (1963–71) has established that the round house was begun c.700 BC and rebuilt nine times before 100 BC; the surrounding stockade was rebuilt six times. Emain Macha is probably identical with the Isamnion mentioned in Ptolemy's geography (2nd cent. AD). The survival of the skull of a Barbary ape at Emain Macha implies that the site was known far beyond Ireland.
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