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Shalom Yair,
I have been reading your commentary on the book of Daniel. I have recently finished reading the commentary on chapter 11.
http://britam.org/Daniel/daniel11.html
I wonder, is it possible that the second fullfilment of those prophecies has been underway? I think the time period involved for the second fulfilment would be between the exile by the Romans up through the present into the future. The role of the Romans in the first fulfilment would be filled by Christian Europe, the king if the South would be the branch of Islam dominant in Egypt (Sunni?) And the king of the North would be the branch of Islam dominant in Iran, modern day Persia, (Shiite?). In the first fulfilment the Egyptians and Persians were trying to impose upon the Chosen People a culture belonging to neither one of them, the Greek culture, for the purpose of achieving control of course. The second fulfilment seems to be using Secularism in the same way and for the same purpose as Helenism (the Greek culture) was used the first time.
For much of the period involved Islam and Christianity have been attempting to gain control of the Holy Land. Might this fit the pattern of domination of the Promised Land described in much of Daniel 11? Is there a parallel between the Maccabees gaining control of the Promised Land and the Zionist movement that created the modern State of Israel? The Maccabees faced continual challenges, so does Israel today. Then there is mention of Egypt, Libya and Ethiopia in Daniel 11: 43. Egypt then Libya have had revolts against their tyrranies. If Ethopia follows in revolting against their government then perhaps a second look at this chapter may be worthwhile. Also note that at the end of the chapter (Daniel 11: 45) there is a statement declaring that none will stand with the Kings of the South and the North, if these really do represent Islam it would seem to fit the End that Islam has coming to it once people see it for what it is. A simple comparison of the traits of the G_d of Israel described by Judaism and Christianity on one side versus the traits of Allah described by Islam on the other side would adequetly reveal the stark difference. Once the peoples of the world see the vengeful Allah they will not stand with Islam. Will they also be at peace with the merciful G_d of Israel?
I hope these thought are not too generalized or too unconnected for you to comment given your detailed method of studying and commenting on the scriptures.
Susanna Garlitz
The present Wikipedia article on British Israelism is full of
prejudice and false impressions.
It contains numerous half-truths and inaccuracies.
We may try and re-write it though even if we do so whatever we write might not
stay up for long.
Also we do not really want to be associated with them.
Brit-Am considers itself something new and different even though on many points
our positions overlap and we use British Israelism findings where we find them
pertinent and applicable.
The article in question despite its drawbacks does have some items of
information of value and interest.
Here are a few of them.
Extracts:
(a) History of the Belief in pre-Modern
Era.
Examples being the Scottish Declaration of Arbroath (1320) which connects the
Scots to Scythia and Israel[5]
[Brit-Am Comment:
The Declaration of
Arbroath
could be understood as implying belief in Israelite origin but it does not
expressly say so.]
and even earlier King Alfred's Doom Book (c. 893 AD) which describes a legend
that the Anglo-Saxons were once 'strangers in Egypt' hinting a possible belief
in Hebrew ancestry. [6]
^ a b
http://www.originofnations.org/old_bi_
literature/some_historical_background.htm
M. le Loyer, a French magistrate of Huguenot ancestry, who in 1590 wrote in his
book The Ten Lost Tribes Found that The Israelites came to and founded the
English Isles.[7]
^
http://www.ensignmessage.com/
nobleorigins.html
Vincenzo Galilei's Dialogue of Ancient and Modern Music (1581) which notes
Galilei's belief that the Irish descend from King David.[8]
Clark, Nora Joan, The story of the Irish harp: its history and influence, North
Creek Press, 2003, p. 25
Modern British Israelites also point out that James I of England (1567 ? 1625)
believed he was a king of Israel[6] and that in Sir Francis Drake's famous
letter to John Foxe, he equated Britain with Israel.[9]
Harleian manuscripts (MS 167f. 104)
Adriaan van der Schrieck (1560-1621) a Flemish language researcher in 1614
wrote:
...the Netherlanders with the Gauls and Germans together in the earliest times
were called: Celts, who are come out of the Hebrews.[10]
E.C. van Petegem-Feij: Aan de Lezers van Troost Troost Mijn Volk, p. 7
English antiquarian Henry Spelman by 1620 had claimed that the Danes were the
Israelite Tribe of Dan.
Other books from this period detailing the British Israel theory were Jakob
Abbadie's Triomphe de la Providence et de la Religion (1723) which notes Unless
the Ten Tribes have flown into the air, or have been plunged to the centres of
the earth, they must be sought for in the north and west...and in the British
Isles.[17] Abbadie believed the lost 10 tribes were Goths who moved into Britain
and other parts of Northern Europe, including France (see French Israelism).
Another key text of this period was Ezra Stiles' The United States elevated to
Glory and Honor (1783), and Richard Brothers' A Revealed Knowledge of the
Prophecies and Times (1794). Also cited as an original work is Rev. John
Wilson's Our Israelitish Origins (1840s).
[Brit-Am Note
Abbadie
was a Protestant theologian and propagandist of some importance in his time. He
lived in Ireland and England but was born a French Protestant in France. The
name is Jewish.]
(b) Modern Era
In The Independent, 6 April, 1996 there appeared a facsimile of a letter
written by George VI in 1922, when he was Albert, the Duke of York. In the
letter, George VI wrote:
# I am sure the British Israelite business is true. I have read a lot about it
lately and everything no matter how large or small points to our being 'the
chosen race'. #
It is also claimed by modern British Israelites that Queen Victoria believed
herself she descended from King David, they quote a letter she wrote supposedly
supporting this view that she occupied the throne of David.[34]
The late Professor Roger Rusk (1906-1994), brother of former U.S. Secretary of
State Dean Rusk, was a prominent teacher of British Israelism. He worked for 13
years as a public school teacher. After completing his doctorate in physics, he
worked for 28 years as a professor at the University of Tennessee, where he
became Emeritus Professor of Physics. He was also a member of the American
Physical Society and the Tennessee Academy of Science. In 1976, the British
Israelite and fellow of the Royal Geographical Society William Howard Bennett
published Symbols of our Celto-Saxon heritage with the aim of establishing an
Israelite origin of British heraldry.
The late 19th-century Celtic language scholar John Rhys for example stated that
...the (Celtic) Kymry were for some time indifferently called Cambria or Cumbria,
the Welsh word on which they are based being, as now written, Cymru ... and is
there pronounced nearly as an Englishman would treat it if spelled Kumry or
KUMRI.[110]
Rhys argued that both Celts and the Scythians came from an area south-east of
the Black Sea, and migrated westward to the coast of Europe. He compared the
Welsh autonym, Cymru, with the name of the Cimmerians, Kumri. He believed that
the names Iberia for Spain, and Hibernia for Ireland were connected to a
variation of "Hebrew" and that this was evidenced in philology.[111]
Getic (Getae) links to the Picts or Scythian-Gothic-Pictish links are further
cited by British Israelites.[114] Examples include the Pictish Chronicle which
mentions Scithe et Gothi, 'the scythians and Goths', as being the ancestors of
the Picts.[115] The Anglo Saxon Chronicle also opens by stating the Picts came
from Scythia. Another link is the Agathyrsi a Thraco-Scythian people who Servius
in his Commentary on Aeneid 4.v.146 wrote traveled to Scotland, Raphael
Holinshed eleborated on this connection. British Israelites also quote the
Historia Brittonum which connects the Scots to Scythia[116] and the Declaration
of Arbroath (1320) which links not only the Scots to the Scythians, but also to
the Israelites.[117]
Abraham Ortelius's Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (1570) is also quoted by British
Israelites as it connects the Scythian to the Thracians (Getae)[109]
[ Brit-Am Note:
Ortellius
identified the Goths as the Lost Tribes (as shown in The Tribes by
Yair
Davidiy)
and contains other information of value. ]
(c) Genetics
Human genetics does not support British Israelism's notion of a close
lineal link between Jews and Western Europeans. Genetic research on the
Y-chromosomes of Jews has found that Jews are closely related to other
populations originating in the Middle East, such as Kurds, Turks, Armenians and
Arabs, and concluded that:
Middle Eastern populations...are closely related and...their Y chromosome pool is
distinct from that of Europeans. (Nebel, 2001.)[178]
Y-DNA Haplogroups J2 and, to a lesser extent, J1 are most commonly identified in Jewish people,
which is in contrast to Western Europeans. The more distant Haplogroup R1b is the most commonly identified in Europeans.[179][180][181][182]
[edit] Contemporary movement
By the end of the 19th century there were over 2 million British Israelites in
England and the United States.[22] This figure however greatly declined and by
1950 there were less than 400,000 British Israelites world-wide.[43] Hebert
Armstong is credited as having somewhat stabilised this figure, as his church
during its heights (1950's-70's) had much influence and many members. It is
unknown exactly how many British Israelites exist today, but well under 400,000.
The British-Israel-World Federation organisation continues to exist, with its
main headquarters located in Bishop Auckland in County Durham. It maintains
local chapters throughout the British Isles. The most recently established
chapter is in BIWF-USA, based in Heber Springs, Arkansas.
In London the Orange Street Congregational Church[44] teaches a form of British
Israelism, and the Ensign Trust publishes The Ensign Message in its furtherance.
In Australia the Christian Revival Crusade, founded by Leo Harris, once taught
this theology but abandoned it. The Revival Centres International, a prominent
group that separated from the Crusade, and other splinter groups, continue to
teach the doctrine. The "Churches of God" in Ireland are also known for their
teaching on this subject.
British Israelite literature continues to be produced. Historical Research
Projects is a modern British Israelite based publisher and research group who
have published In Search of... The Origin of Nations (2003) which mainly
attempts to establish Northern Europeans descended from Shem.[45]
Another modern British Israelite author is Steven M. Collins, who has published
at least 3 books tracing the Israelite origins of certain European nations.[46]
[edit] Offshoots
Brit-Am is an organization (founded ca.1993) based in Israel, which also
identifies the Lost Ten Tribes with the British and related peoples. Brit-Am
uses biblical and rabbinical exegesis to justify its beliefs, supplemented by
secular studies.
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