Ephraimite Forum-35
Date: 15/January/08 8 Shebet 5768
Contents:
1. Mongols reached America before the Europeans
2. Archaeology: Brit-Am Version of Explorator 10.38
3. Islamic Terror Against the West Will be Satisfied only with Destruction

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1. Mongols reached America before the Europeans
http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-01/10/content_7401721.htm

ULAN BATOR, Jan. 10 (Xinhua) -- Challenging the long-held notion
that it was the Europeans who were the first non-native visitors to
the Americas, a Mongolian professor of history has claimed that the
Mongols reached the American continent first.

"About 8,000 to 25,000 years ago, Mongols with stone tools
crossed the Aleutian Islands and arrived in America first," Sumiya
Jambaldorj, a history professor from Chingis Khaan University, said
Thursday.

Jambaldorj's claim is based on his study of place names in
America and their similarity to names in the Mongolian language.

"More than 20 place names of the Aleutian Islands belong to the
Mongolian language, five of which are still used in modern
Mongolian, such as 'Ataka' and 'Ushka', " Jambaldorj said.

"'Ataka' and 'Ushka' mean 'small place' in Mongolian," he added.

"Many names of places and rivers in the U.S. state of Alaska are
believed to be Mongolian," the professor said.

An American Indian language also contains some Mongolian words,
such as "hagaan," which also means ancestor, or 'khan' in Mongolian.

"I think both the ancestors of the Mongolian and the Indian
peoples share something," Jambaldorj said.

Stone tools found in the Aleutian Islands have only previously
been found in the Gobi desert area of Mongolia, he added.

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2. Archaeology: Brit-Am Version of Explorator 10.38
From: david meadows <rogueclassicist@gmail.com>
================================================================
explorator 10.38 January 13, 2008
================================================================
ANCIENT NEAR EAST AND EGYPT
================================================================
Interesting/conventional piece on Masada:

http://www.ngb.army.mil/news/archives/2008/01/011108-al_masada.aspx

The Temple Mount saga continues:

http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=942970

================================================================
ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME (AND CLASSICS)
================================================================
Interesting item on ash from the 79 A.D. eruption of Vesuvius
being found in Greece:

http://tinyurl.com/2s9qhh (ANSA)
http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/170723.html
http://tinyurl.com/2m4mwh (Kathimerini)

This one seems appropriate in this category ... remains of a
'civilization' at the bottom of a Russian lake:

http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20071227/94372640.html
http://tinyurl.com/ynmz3x

================================================================
EUROPE AND THE UK (+ Ireland)
================================================================

Overviewish thing on some recent excavations in Edinburgh:

http://tinyurl.com/36egaz

A Saxon 'execution cemetery':

http://tinyurl.com/2bnro6 (YP)

Archaeology in Europe Blog:

http://www.archaeology.eu.com/weblog/index.html
================================================================
OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST
================================================================

On satellites and archaeology:

http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/1764

Ancient documents have led to a theory about the Quadantrid
meteor shower:

http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/01/08/quadrantid_meteors/

Latest 'boat reconstruction' story revolves around a Phoenician
boat which will sail from Tyre to Europe:

http://tinyurl.com/2m6hb9 (Daily Star)

Here's a reconstructed Viking voyage:

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7171577.stm


================================================================
TOURISTY THINGS
================================================================
Rome:

http://arts.guardian.co.uk/art/visualart/story/0,,2236945,00.html

Yemen:

http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/01/01/travel/yemen.php?WT.mc_id=travelalert
================================================================
ON THE WEB
================================================================
Rome Reborn:

---

http://www.romereborn.virginia.edu/

3. Islamic Terror Against the West Will be Satisfied only with Destruction
Contrasting Secular and Religious Terrorism
by Jonathan Fine
Middle East Quarterly
Winter 2008

http://www.meforum.org/article/1826
Extracts:
Paris-based sociologist Farhad Khosrokhavar's Suicide Bombers: Allah's New Martyrs[40] has been at the forefront of efforts to emphasize the tension between religious motivation and more rational and temporal strategic considerations. Khosrokhavar, perhaps because of his greater familiarity with Islamic tenets, is correct to see it as a function of jihad. There has been an evolving and, perhaps, dominant strand of modern Islamist thought which finds Western culture to be inimical to Islam and, therefore, a legitimate target for jihad.[41] One of the biggest ideological differences between religious and secular terrorists is their definition of the enemy: While secular terrorists see their opponents as representatives of a certain socioeconomic order or regime, Islamist terrorists espouse a broader definition. Qutb, for example, revived the Qur'anic term jahiliya, the pre-Islamic age of ignorance in which paganism flourished, to describe the state of any society not by his definition Islamic.[42] Abdullah Yusuf Azzam's understanding of dhimmi (subjugated religious minority) status also inserted into modern political discourse the early Islamic bifurcation of the world into the dar al-Islam (abode of Islam) and dar al-harb (abode of war). In the former, where Muslims ruled, Jews and Christians could convert or accept second class status while Muslims conducted violent jihad to bring minorities under their control. While traditional theologians might argue that Muslims had a duty to protect dhimmis so long as they continued to pay inflated taxes and adhere to special codes, Azzam, bin Laden, and their fellow travelers have argued that Jews and Christians have gone astray from their "original religions," and are agents of the modern West, undeserving of any protection.[43]


On March 6, 1995, Hamas spiritual leader Sheikh Ahmad Yasin declared that any suicide bomber who had received the blessing of a certified Muslim cleric should be considered a shahid (martyr) who had fallen in the service of jihad rather than one who had committed suicide by personal intent,[46] something forbidden in Islam. Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi, an influential Sunni cleric based in Qatar, affirmed Yasin's approach the following year.[47] Then, on February 23, 1998, bin Laden announced the establishment of the International Islamic Front for Jihad against the Crusaders and the Jews and declared it legitimate to kill any American, whether military or not.[48]


Khomeini provided the exegesis to legitimize Shi?i theocracy in his 1970 essay, "Hukumat-i Islami" (Islamic government). Permeating Khomeini's writing is a perception of the West as an opponent to Islam, the concept of martyrdom, and the self-identification of Shi'a as oppressed people.[49] He saw the superpowers as responsible for all the world's wrongs and suggested that it was the obligation of all Muslims to mobilize the oppressed to remove the superpowers from the global arena.[50]


One of bin Laden's most important objectives was to accelerate recruitment of new volunteers for global jihad and Islam. Bin Laden said that the "war in Afghanistan has exposed America's weakness. Despite the clear technological advantages of its war machine, it cannot defeat the Muslim mujahideen. The number of people who embraced the Islamic faith after the campaign was greater than the number who had grasped Islam in the past eleven years."[55]


Khomeini's influence on Islamist terror suggests that suicide bombing has a wider ideological and strategic foundation than just opposition to occupation. Rather, the basis for suicide bombing is threefold: First, suicide for jihad cleanses the perpetrator of the world's evils. Second, suicide for the community purifies the umma. Third, suicide bombing serves the goal of opposing Islam's enemies.

 

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